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The Red Cross was founded by Henry Dunant, a Swiss humanitarian, in 1863. Dunant was inspired to create the organization after witnessing the suffering of soldiers at the Battle of Solferino in 1859. He organized local civilians to provide care for the wounded, regardless of their nationality, and later wrote a book, A Memory of Solferino, which called for the establishment of national relief organizations to help war victims. His efforts led to the formation of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the adoption of the Geneva Conventions.